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Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates (chapter 03): which countries import it

Chapter 03 covers live fish, fresh and frozen seafood, crustaceans, molluscs, and processed products. Global imports reached USD 117.2 billion in 2025.…

Published on 15 September 2026Updated on 13 November 2026

Chapter 03 covers live fish, fresh and frozen seafood, crustaceans, molluscs, and processed products. Global imports reached USD 117.2 billion in 2025. The United States, China and Japan are the largest importers. Spain is among the top ten destinations for these products, making this chapter central to Spanish seafood exports.

Fact sheet

Code
03
Sector
Food and Drink

Main importing markets

USD · 2025
CountryImports (USD)
United States21,759,312,184
China17,870,173,398
Japan10,081,363,780
Spain8,739,669,465
Italy7,023,388,053
France6,328,201,650
Sweden6,152,370,041
Germany5,172,180,947
South Korea5,162,871,811
Thailand3,907,903,099
Poland3,738,143,643
United Kingdom3,436,223,676
Netherlands3,382,363,352
Portugal2,896,918,123
Canada2,720,031,893

Imports declared by each country from the world. Countries report with a delay: the period is the latest with consolidated data.

Source: UN ComtradeData for 2025Verified on 13 November 2026

Headings in this chapter

What you need to know to export seafood

Chapter 03 products are live, fresh, chilled, frozen, or processed aquatic animals: fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other invertebrates. Each heading has different tariff rates and handling requirements depending on the destination country.

The product classification matters because it determines the duty rate when you cross a border. Fresh fish (heading 0302) enters different duty schedules than frozen fish (heading 0303) or prepared products (heading 0305). Check the exact heading with your freight forwarder or the importer before quoting.

Temperature control is critical. Products in headings 0301–0308 must maintain cold chain integrity from packing to final destination. A break in the cold chain can make the shipment non-compliant or unmarketable. Use licensed cold storage and schedule shipments to minimize transit time.

Tariff rates vary widely by destination and product. The United States and Japan have different tariff schedules for the same product. China applies different rates to fresh versus frozen seafood. Always confirm the applicable rate with your buyer or a customs agent in the destination country before finalizing the price.

The largest importing markets for Chapter 03 are the United States, China, Japan, and Spain itself. European markets (Italy, France, Germany, Poland) are also significant. Your choice of market affects packaging, documentation, and logistics.

Common questions about exporting seafood

What is the difference between headings 0302 and 0303?

Heading 0302 covers fresh or chilled fish; heading 0303 covers frozen fish. This distinction is the most important for tariff purposes: many countries apply different duty rates to each. If your product has been frozen and thawed, or is being exported frozen, it goes under heading 0303, even if it was fresh before freezing.

Can I export molluscs under the same certification as fish?

No. Molluscs (heading 0307) and crustaceans (heading 0306) often have separate sanitary requirements from fish. Some countries require additional testing for shellfish toxins or bacterial contamination. Always verify the importer's specific certificate and test requirements before shipment, as they differ by product and destination.

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