Machinery and mechanical appliances… (chapter 84): which countries import it

Fact sheet

Code

84

Sector

Industry and Machinery

Headings in this chapter

• Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors, machinery and apparatus for isotopic separationHeading 8401
• Boilers; steam or other vapour generating (other than central heating hot water boilers, capable also of producing low pressure steam), super heated water boilersHeading 8402
• Central heating boilers; excluding those of heading no. 8402Heading 8403
• Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading no. 8402 or 8403; e.g. economisers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas recoverers), condensers for steam or other vapour power unitsHeading 8404
• Generators for producer or water gas with or without their purifiers acetylene gas generators and similar water process gas generators, with or without their purifiersHeading 8405
• Turbines; steam and other vapour turbinesHeading 8406
• Reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston enginesHeading 8407
• Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines)Heading 8408
• Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading no. 8407 or 8408Heading 8409
• Turbines; hydraulic water wheels and regulators thereforHeading 8410
• Turbo-jets, turbo-propellers and other gas turbinesHeading 8411
• Engines and motors; n.e.c. (e.g. reaction engines, hydraulic power engines, pneumatic power engines)Heading 8412
• Pumps; for liquids, whether or not fitted with measuring device, liquid elevatorsHeading 8413
• Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan; gas-tight biological safety cabinets whether or not fitted with filtersHeading 8414
• Air conditioning machines; comprising a motor driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, including those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulatedHeading 8415
• Furnace burners for liquid fuel, for pulverised solid fuel or for gas; mechanical grates, mechanical ash dischargers and similar appliancesHeading 8416
• Furnaces and ovens; industrial or laboratory, including incinerators, non-electricHeading 8417
• Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps other than air conditioning machines of heading no. 8415Heading 8418
• Machinery, plant (not domestic), or laboratory equipment; electrically heated or not, (excluding items in 85.14) for the treatment of materials by a process involving change of temperature; including instantaneous or non electric storage water heatersHeading 8419
• Machines; calendering or other rolling machines, for other than metal or glass and cylinders thereforHeading 8420
• Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers; filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids or gasesHeading 8421
• Dish washing machines; machinery for cleaning, drying, filling, closing, sealing, capsuling or labelling bottles, cans, boxes, bags, etc, machinery for aerating beveragesHeading 8422
• Weighing machines; excluding balances of a sensitivity of 5cg or better, including weight operated counting or checking machines and weights of all kindsHeading 8423
• Mechanical appliances for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders; fire extinguishers, spray guns, steam, sand blasting machinesHeading 8424
• Pulley tackle and hoists other than skip hoists; winches and capstans; jacksHeading 8425
• Derricks, cranes, including cable cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a craneHeading 8426
• Fork-lift and other works trucks; fitted with lifting or handling equipmentHeading 8427
• Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery; n.e.c. in heading no. 8425, 8426 or 8427 (e.g. lifts, escalators, conveyors, teleferics)Heading 8428
• Bulldozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, angledozers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers, self-propelledHeading 8429
• Moving, grading, levelling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting, extracting or boring machinery, for earth, minerals, or ores; pile drivers and extractors; snow ploughs and snow blowersHeading 8430
• Machinery parts; used solely or principally with the machinery of heading no. 8425 to 8430Heading 8431
• Agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation or cultivation; lawn or sports-ground rollersHeading 8432
• Harvesting and threshing machinery, straw and fodder balers, grass or hay mowers; machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruit or other agricultural produce, other than machinery of heading no 8437Heading 8433
• Milking machines and dairy machineryHeading 8434
• Presses, crushers and similar machinery; used in the manufacture of wine, cider, fruit juices or similar beveragesHeading 8435
• Agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping, bee-keeping machinery; including germination plant fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment; poultry incubators and broodersHeading 8436
• Machines for cleaning, sorting, grading seed, grain, dried leguminous vegetables; machinery used in the milling industry for the working of cereals or dried leguminous vegetables, not farm type machineryHeading 8437
• Machinery n.e.c. in this chapter, for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink; other than machinery for extraction or preparation of animal or fixed vegetable or microbial fats or oilsHeading 8438
• Machinery; for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material, or for making or finishing paper or paperboardHeading 8439
• Book-binding machinery; including book-sewing machinesHeading 8440

Trade fairs in this sector

• Advanced Factories
• bauma
• BIEMH – Bienal Internacional de Máquina‑Herramienta
• EMO (Exposition Mondiale de la Machine Outil)
• Hannover Messe
• interpack – PROCESSING & PACKAGING

Before you export Chapter 84 products

Chapter 84 covers 40 different product headings, from nuclear reactors to book-binding machinery. The classification determines the tariff you pay, the regulatory requirements and the market access conditions. Start by identifying which heading matches your product.

The tariff you face depends on three things: the product subheading within Chapter 84, the destination country, and whether there is a trade agreement between Spain and that country. A diesel engine (heading 8408) faces different duties in the US than in Mexico or the UK. Check the exact tariff and any preferential rates in Access2Markets by selecting Spain as origin and your destination.

Certification and compliance requirements vary by product and by destination. Industrial machinery often requires CE marking under the Machinery Directive if exported from the EU. Equipment like refrigeration units or air conditioning machines may need additional environmental certifications depending on the country. Check what your specific subheading requires before you quote.

The three largest import markets for Chapter 84 products are the United States, China and Germany. The US alone imported 665 billion USD worth of these products in 2025. Market size does not guarantee market access: verify tariffs, duties and any trade barriers for your specific destination.

Language, technical documentation and after-sales support are competitive factors. Many importers require manuals, spare parts lists and technical support in their language. Build these costs into your quote from the start.

Questions about Chapter 84 exports