Rye (heading 1002): importing markets
HS heading 1002 covers rye, a cereal in chapter 10 with three subheadings. In 2025, according to UN Comtrade, Germany reported the largest imports in…
Published on 25 October 2026Updated on 25 October 2026
HS heading 1002 covers rye, a cereal in chapter 10 with three subheadings. In 2025, according to UN Comtrade, Germany reported the largest imports in this heading (about USD 88 million), ahead of the United States and Spain. For a company exporting from Spain, several of the main buyers are EU members, which changes the paperwork.
Source: UN ComtradeData for 2025Verified on 25 October 2026
Fact sheet
- Code
- 1002
- Chapter
- 10 · Cereals
- Subheadings
- 3
Main importing markets
USD · 2025| Country | Imports (USD) |
|---|---|
| Germany | 88,042,342 |
| United States | 49,532,031 |
| Spain | 37,103,309 |
| Netherlands | 31,459,659 |
| Denmark | 21,576,677 |
| Belgium | 5,983,805 |
| Austria | 5,280,083 |
| Poland | 5,238,339 |
| Japan | 4,818,259 |
| South Korea | 4,466,908 |
| Portugal | 4,407,596 |
| United Kingdom | 3,827,043 |
| Italy | 3,620,946 |
| Sweden | 3,185,184 |
| France | 3,128,190 |
Imports declared by each country from the world. Countries report with a delay: the period is the latest with consolidated data.
Source: UN ComtradeData for 2025Verified on 25 October 2026
What to know before exporting rye
Demand for rye is concentrated. In the 2025 data, Germany imports about USD 88 million, the United States about USD 49.5 million and Spain about USD 37 million. The rest of the top fifteen are mostly European countries, plus Japan and South Korea.
For a company exporting from Spain, the destination determines the procedure. Sales to Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Italy, Sweden or France are intra-EU shipments. They do not involve customs duties, though they do carry the usual VAT and intra-community declaration obligations.
Sales to the United States, Japan, South Korea or the United Kingdom are exports outside the EU. There the tariff depends on the subpartida (the national or Taric-level breakdown of 1002) and on the agreement in force with each country. It is checked for each destination in Access2Markets, which also lists rules of origin and import requirements.
Rye is a plant product, so phytosanitary requirements are likely to apply in markets outside the EU. Whether a phytosanitary certificate or other documents are needed depends on the importing country. The authority and the conditions are confirmed in the destination's import requirements, and the certificate is requested in Spain through the competent plant health services.
The table reflects what each country imports from the whole world, not from Spain. It shows where the volume is, not how open each market is to a Spanish supplier. Competition from established origins and local buying habits are checked separately, for example with the commercial offices of ICEX in each country.
Frequently asked questions
Which countries import the most rye?
According to UN Comtrade data for 2025, among the fifteen countries listed Germany is first with about USD 88 million in imports under heading 1002. The United States follows with about USD 49.5 million and Spain with about USD 37 million. These figures are what each country declares importing from the world.
Do I pay customs duties when selling rye from Spain to Germany?
No customs duties apply, because Spain and Germany are both in the EU customs union and the sale is an intra-EU shipment. The usual tax obligations remain, such as VAT treatment and intra-community declarations.
How do I find the tariff for rye in the United States or Japan?
The tariff depends on the exact subpartida and on the agreements between the EU and the destination. It is consulted in Access2Markets by entering the product code, the origin (Spain or the EU) and the destination country.
Is a phytosanitary certificate needed to export rye?
It depends on the destination. Within the EU, the plant health regime is common and a certificate is generally not the issue. For third countries, the importing country sets the requirement, and it is checked in its import conditions before shipping.
What does HS 1002 include?
HS 1002 is the heading for rye, within chapter 10, cereals. It has three subheadings, so the full customs code used in a declaration has more digits than the four-digit heading.
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