Wheat and meslin (heading 1001): importing markets
HS 1001 covers wheat and meslin, a heading in Chapter 10 (Cereals) with six subheadings. According to UN Comtrade, Egypt, China and Indonesia each…
Published on 25 October 2026Updated on 25 October 2026
HS 1001 covers wheat and meslin, a heading in Chapter 10 (Cereals) with six subheadings. According to UN Comtrade, Egypt, China and Indonesia each declared more than USD 3.2 billion in imports in 2025. For a company exporting from Spain, the key is to identify the subheading, the destination and the agreement in force before quoting.
Source: UN ComtradeData for 2025Verified on 25 October 2026
Fact sheet
- Code
- 1001
- Chapter
- 10 · Cereals
- Subheadings
- 6
Main importing markets
USD · 2025| Country | Imports (USD) |
|---|---|
| Egypt | 3,720,719,163 |
| China | 3,481,676,591 |
| Indonesia | 3,281,095,506 |
| Algeria | 2,989,568,342 |
| Italy | 2,855,843,327 |
| Philippines | 1,896,570,229 |
| Morocco | 1,801,567,525 |
| Brazil | 1,755,380,594 |
| Spain | 1,633,235,420 |
| Japan | 1,606,916,611 |
| South Korea | 1,307,738,458 |
| Nigeria | 1,289,594,479 |
| Mexico | 1,181,483,805 |
| Türkiye | 1,159,597,722 |
| Germany | 1,030,437,583 |
Imports declared by each country from the world. Countries report with a delay: the period is the latest with consolidated data.
Source: UN ComtradeData for 2025Verified on 25 October 2026
What to know before exporting wheat and meslin
The table on this page shows imports declared by each country from the world, not from Spain. It measures the size of each market, not how accessible it is to a Spanish supplier. Competition from the largest exporting countries, freight costs and each buyer's purchasing model decide whether a large market is a realistic one.
Heading 1001 splits into six subheadings, and the correct one determines which duty and which requirements apply. Before quoting, confirm the eight-digit code of your product against the nomenclature of the destination country. The classification of the shipment must match the one on the commercial invoice and the customs declaration.
For a company exporting from Spain, the duty depends on the subheading, the destination and the trade agreement in force on the shipping date. It is consulted in Access2Markets for non-EU destinations. Within the EU, shipments to Italy, Germany or other member states move under the single market and are not subject to customs duties.
Several of the largest importers in the table, such as Egypt, Algeria or Indonesia, often buy through public or state-linked procurement bodies. Whether that applies, and under what conditions, must be checked market by market with the official trade promotion bodies, such as ICEX, before preparing an offer.
Grain shipments are usually subject to plant health and quality requirements that vary by destination. The documents required, such as phytosanitary certificates and quality specifications, are set by the importing country, so they should be requested from the buyer and verified with the competent authority before loading.
The data in the table corresponds to the latest period with consolidated figures. Countries report with a delay, so a market that does not appear or appears low may simply not have reported yet. Compare several years in UN Comtrade before drawing conclusions about a market.
Frequently asked questions about exporting wheat
Which countries import the most wheat?
According to UN Comtrade data for 2025, the three largest importers of HS 1001 are Egypt, China and Indonesia, followed by Algeria and Italy. The figures reflect what each country declares importing from the world, and reporting delays may alter the ranking.
Does HS 1001 include only wheat?
No. Heading 1001 covers wheat and meslin, which is a mixture of wheat and rye. Within the heading there are six subheadings, so the exact code of the product must be confirmed before declaring it.
Where do I find the duty for exporting wheat from Spain?
In Access2Markets, the European Commission portal, by entering the product code and the destination country. The result depends on the subheading and on whether a trade agreement between the EU and the destination applies on the shipping date.
Do I pay duties when selling wheat to Italy or Germany from Spain?
No customs duties apply, because Spain, Italy and Germany are in the EU single market. Other obligations, such as tax declarations for intra-EU sales, still apply and should be checked with the tax authority, the AEAT.
Does the size of a market mean it is easy to enter?
No. Import volume shows demand, not access. Access depends on the buyer's purchasing model, the requirements of the destination country, logistics costs and competition from other exporting countries.
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